Speeding, Death and Effects on the Family Essay Example

Speeding, Death and Effects on the Family Essay Speeding can cause instantaneous death and outright family kaput.   The result of speeding is so enormous that turns precious moments and valuable things into nothing.The invention of vehicles has brought things and situations better. But, does it really answers the original purpose or does it makes things and situations worst?This paper attempts to educate people especially drivers who are always involved with vehicular activities. The discussion will focus on the reasons why some drivers often commit over speeding and aggressive driving, the effects of negative impact of speeding towards the affected families, and how to control this unauthorized act that cause horrible adversities. The discussions include the reasons for over speeding and aggressive driving, hit and run, effects on the family, controlling the over speeding, etc.SpeedingThe Encarta Microsoft Encyclopedia (2006) defined Speeding as â€Å"driving vehicle above speed limit. It is an offense of driving a vehicle at a speed above the designated speed limit†.Angela Smith, a NIO Minister reveals in the BBC News (2003) that over the last 10 years, 358 people were killed and 3,471 were seriously injured because of speeding. Speeding kills or seriously injures one person every single day on Northern Ireland’s roads in which young men (age 17-24 years old) are held responsible for a staggering eight out of ten fatal crashes.Reasons for Over Speeding and Aggressive DrivingVehicular crashes are complex events that are a culmination of various driver, vehicle or environment-related factors.   According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), driver-related factors that contribute to motor vehicle traffic crashes are mostly behavioral in nature which include impaired driving, aggressive driving including speeding and distracted driving, etc.NHTSA research has shown that crashes cost in $40.4 billion in 2000, which at least one driver was exceeding the legal speed lim it or driving too fast. This represents about 20 percent of the total economic cost of motor vehicle traffic crashes in the United States.   Accordingly, about 32 percent (annually) of all fatalities in motor vehicle traffic crashes were speeding-related, i.e., at least one of the drivers involved in the crash exceeded the posted speed limit or was driving too fast for the prevailing conditions.Based on the Telephone survey made by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (1997) as posted in NHTSA website, the   reasons drivers most often gave for exceeding speeds that they consider to be unsafe were that they were late or behind schedule (44 percent). The next sets of reasons were: trying to keep up with traffic (12 percent), closely followed by good conditions (11 percent), or having an emergency (11 percent). Reasons for increased aggressively include: drivers being rushed or behind schedule (23 percent), increased traffic or congestion (22 percent), careless, inconside rate drivers (12 percent), and immature, young drivers (12 percent).Hit and RunThe Legal line (2007) defines hit and run as â€Å"a road accident where one of the parties involved fails to stop or leaves the scene without providing any detail†.Most of the victims die without justice. However there are also victims that survive in hit and run. Those survivors are still now looking for justice and in the state of phobia and disability status.The AAA Report stated that 1,557 killed by hit and run drivers in 2003 (.1778 per hour). This is 3.65% of the 42,643 total that NHTSA reported in were killed in US in 2003(Traffic Safety Facts). NHTSA report also states 2.889 million injured in crashes in 2003. Using 3.65% multiplier gives a total of 12.04 injured per hour†.According to Brad Heath of USA Today (2006), the number of pedestrians killed by hit-and-run drivers has jumped 20% since 2000 and is at its highest level in a decade, a USA TODAY analysis shows. The increasing occ urrence of this incidence compounds the problems of investigating hit-and-run cases, in which according to the investigators, are among the most difficult crimes to solve because they often happen at night with no witnesses.Of the 4,881 pedestrians killed last year, 974 died in hit-and-runs, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration records show. The total number of pedestrians killed nationwide increased by about 2% since 2000, but hit-and-run deaths increased at almost 10 times that pace, the USA TODAY analysis found.Lt. Doug Dodson, a spokesman for the Florida Highway Patrol said that in many investigations in which drivers are later found, drivers tell to the police that they fled out of fear or because they had been drinking and wanted to avoid legal trouble.Based on the statistic featured in the Missouri Sate Highway Patrol, which injuries appear to, be the most numbered but sad to say that there are also died as a result of over speeding.   It has also been revealed th at accidents often happen at the age of over speeding driver between 55 years old and above, maybe because this age has more experience in driving and they are confident to drive fast. Nevertheless, the survivor injured victims are facing psychological and financial problem. There are surviving victims that lost their career because of disability they get from hit and run accident. This causes the victims’ family to suffer.Effects on the FamilyOne aspect of the consequences of motor vehicle crashes is economic cost. The pain and anguish suffered by an injured person as well as the burden placed on families caring for a disabled member go beyond any economic remuneration. Particularly, devastating are the effects on family members when a crash leads to death. The sudden and unexpected sense of loss can affect a family member’s emotional state for years after the crash fatality occurred.A concrete example of the case of Hit and Run (as reported in Tuscaloosa News, 2005) is the situation of 23-year old Jaime Walker who was struck by a hit and run driver while riding his motorcycle in 2002. Since that date Jaime has been suffering from brain damage and has been in a vegetative state. Jaime receives nourishment through a feeding tube, doesnt respond to commands and is blind. As of March 2005, he resides at his mother’s home in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. His mother resigned from her job to take care of him full time.Controlling the Over speedingMany state or county have adopted different measures to control and lessen accident that killed thousand of people and injured millions of innocent. One of these measures is giving penalty to over speeding drivers.To be more effective in chasing offenders some City installed Red lights cameras to measure if the drivers are over speeding particularly in the cross section. This was manifested by the Albuquerque City plans to add red light cameras to 13 more intersections in an effort to cut down on accidents as r eported in the Associated Press, 2005. Accordingly, three people died in an accident that happened in an intersection when the drunk driver ran a red light. The City Mayor of Albuquerque, Mayor Martin Chavez said in Associated Press, that they are going to install red light cameras in places where accidents are observed between 2001 and 2003. Since the installation in 2004 from May to October, police officers have caught more than 9,000 violators and about 5,700 people have been issued with civil citations. Penalty is imposed wherein the first offense is $100, second $250, and $300 for the third time and the subsequent offenses.Stiff penalty to be imposed to motorists who violated over speeding is indispensable to control and minimize accidents caused by speeding vehicles.   Many states have already adopted strict and high penalties but unfortunately, in some instances, this does not solve the increasing occurrence of car accidents involving over speeding.The adoption of technolog ies and strict enforcement of traffic rules are the main reasons why car accidents often occurred though drivers and victims didn’t like it to happen.   It is however, the responsibility of every person to be cautious in driving but what really matters are the enforcement of laws and the strict adherence of these laws among the drivers.On the other hand, residents can be enlisted to help reduce speeding in their neighborhoods. The National Crime Prevention Council is encouraging the involvement of community residents so that speeding in residential areas could be easier to control or eradicate. It is true that residents do not want people speeding through their neighborhood, but there are simply not enough police officers to patrol every street.   By involving resiedents in speed control, police departments have a better idea of where to station officers.   It likewise acts as adult â€Å"peer pressure†.   Drivers or motorists will not speed if they know their neighbors are watching.ConclusionThe skill of vehicular driving has provided so many advantages to many individuals. It makes things possible and easy. In fact, in modern days, high-speed vehicles are made to cope with the urgency of traveling and getting off fast within precious times. However, this is being abused by many driver especially young men who are often encountering accidents because of speeding (over speeding). Until these days, this incident continues and even increasing.This is attributed by the following reasons which should be mitigated, to wit:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unauthorized driving or driving without license;2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Careless or reckless driving.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Driving for an urgent appoint or emergency situation;4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Driving for fun like highway racing; and5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impaired or distracted driving.It has been proven that the effects of vehicular accidents caused by speeding are enormous; perish lives, damage properties, psychological stress, and defeats bright future (personal career, job opportunities, strong and happy family relationships, etc.).It is therefore imperative that more appropriate measures should be taken seriously which should include the following:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formulation of realistic policies and traffic rules;2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Effective and efficient enforcement of policies and traffic rules;3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Adoption and sustainable use of traffic devices and systems;4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Police Officers’ skills enhancement;5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Police visibility in accident prone areas;6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Extensive information and education for all drivers and the public; and7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Constant vehicular safety check.The consideration and implementation of the above mentioned measures is the best way of minimizing or eliminating vehicular accidents attributed by man. These should not be influence by personal interests of t he policy makers and law enforcements, and of course it should not be abused by the concern drivers who are the main recipients.The call for public awareness on safety and health should be strengthened.   This will enhance the public’s knowledge on traffic rules and driving precautions, and the health or condition of the drivers who should avoid driving if they are not on the normal state of mind (drunk while driving) or doing something while driving like having a call using mobile phones, talking with passengers,   reading newspaper or magazines, etc.This is everybody’s concern, drivers or non-drivers. Always remember, safety first before anything else.

The electro negativity of atoms Essay Example

The electro negativity of atoms Essay Example The electro negativity of atoms Essay The electro negativity of atoms Essay ApparatusThe apparatus I will use to conduct the experiment are:* 1-clorobutane (1 mol)* 1-bromobutane (1 mol)* 1-idobutane (1mol)* Silver Nitrate (0.01 mol)* Ethanol* Water Bath (Heated to 50à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C* Test tubes x3* Test tube rack* Teat pipettes x3* Burettes (1mmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) x2* Pipette fillerMethod* Set up test tubes and test tube rack* Put 1 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of silver nitrate into the three test tubes using a burettes* Add ethanol(1cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) with the other burette* Put test tubes in water bath (pre heated to 50à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) and leave for 10 minutes test tubes will be placed in water bath at the exact same timeSafetyTo make my experiment a safe one I will wear safety goggles (I also have done research into the chemicals I have using, this means I know what to do if I spill some upon my hand or on the floor) for example 1-iodobutane is a slight irritantFair TestTo make this as fair a test as possible I will use a water bath to control the temperature the bath will be heat ed to 50à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C I will place all the test tubes with the mixtures in the water bath at the same time, I will ensure that they have been in the water bath for ten minutes this should ensure that they are all at the same temperature as the temperature influences the rate of reaction it is essential I do this. I will use a burette to mesure the silver nitrate and ethanol this should ensure accuracy in the volume. Human errors can affect the results; I could use a micropipette array and a data logger to take away the chance of human error, using a micropipette array would mean the halogenoalkanes are added at the time plus the drop size would be the same. The data logger will give more accurate representation of which reaction occurs fastest as you are not relying on eyesight and highly sensitive electronic equipment.ExplanationDue to halogen atom i.e. chlorine, iodine and bromine being more electronegative than the carbon the carbon halogen bond is polarised thecarbon atom is ele ctron deficient and is liable to attack fromnuceophiles with their lone-pair of electrons (e.g. OHà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ions).The carbon atom can not form more than four bonds thereforethe halogen atoms are substituted by the nuclephille and the halogen atom leaves as a halide ion. (A covalent bond forms between the carbon and the nuceophille)Mechanism nucleophilic substitutionThe OH group attacks the delta positive carbon (nucleophilic) these strength the bond between C-X bond becomes weaker. As the alcohol group approaches the carbon, the negative bonds (in hydrogen bonds) start to move away from the OHà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ as they are being repelled, the final structure is opposite to the originalPredictionBondBond Enthalpy (kJ molà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)C-Cl340C-Br280C-I240If I were to base the experiment on the electro negativity of atoms I would expect the 1-chlorobutane to react the fastest due to its high polarity (having more ability to attract electrons) the order I would expect is C-Cl fi rst then C-Br and finally C-I but as the experiment is actually based on bond enthalpies 1-chlorobutane should take the longest to react as it has the highest bond enthalpy.Based on this table of bond enthalpies (right) I would expect 1-iodobutane would react fastest as it has a lower bond enthalpy thus easier for bonds to be broken the order I would expect them to react in is C-Cl, C-Br, C-I

The theory of utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The theory of utilitarianism - Essay Example Utilitarianism theory is referred to by some as the consequentialist ethical theory. It is expressed in the form that asserts that people should always act so as to produce the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone. This has great appeal in the area of welfare economics and does not differ dramatically from the philosophies and beliefs of Keynes, Pareto, and Pigou; some might even include Marx in this category. The utilitarians believe that when choosing between two actions, the one that produces the greatest net happiness should be the one chosen. Where most of them disagree with one another is in the area of how this principle should be applied. There are also several stated weaknesses in this concept. It ignores actions that appear to be wrong in themselves; it espouses the concept that the end justifies the means; the principles may come into conflict with that of justice; and it is extremely difficult to formulate and establish satisfactory rules of application.Utilitarian ism manifests itself in two major forms. The stronger of the two is so-called act-utilitarianism. Under this system, the moral agent considers the consequences of only the action under consideration. The second system is called rule-utilitarianism. Here the moral agent considers a set of rules by which life should be lived. The basis of accepting or rejecting a rule is whether the consequences of everyone following the rule will result in the maximum probable good consequences. Rule-utilitarianism may be regarded as a weaker form of utilitarianism than act-utilitarianism.... Most professionals are already familiar with a system that acts very much like utilitarianism: cost/benefit analysis. In the cost/benefit system the manager attempts to balance the probable costs of taking a particular course of action with the probable benefits to be derived. Most people realize that cost/benefit analysis becomes more and more sticky as the analysis moves away from measurability in terms of dollars. Measurement of benefits has been particularly problematic. Writers on this subject have attempted to balance the costs of companies reporting on their adherence to social responsibility with the costs of not doing so. Bentham was classified in England as utilitarian with the application of hedonism on the social level; that is, happiness is the end of all human existence. He based his social reform on what he considered right and wrong, which in turn was developed from his definition of utility (Rosen 19). Utility was measured on a pain-happiness relationship, which was reduced to a common denominator: money. This reduction to the common factor of money was necessary because different people have different utility for the same item. Although his ideas were considered controversial at the time, they were later accepted by many, as can be seen in a recent study conducted by the American Council on Education of more than 200,000 students. The survey showed that more than three quarters of college freshmen now think that getting rich is what will make them happy and what life is all about. Twenty years ago, only 39 percent indicated that affluence was an essential goal; at that time, a "meaningful phi losophy of life" was what mattered -- a goal that now motivates only a minority of students (Rosen 21). Critics of utilitarianism

Countering Counterfeit Trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Countering Counterfeit Trade - Assignment Example Counterfeiting is a big business in the world today. It is so big that the total volume of counterfeit (and pirated) goods in the world exceeds the GDP of certain countries. The International Anti-counterfeiting Coalition (IACC) estimates this figure at around 600billion dollars per year. The sad fact is that the menace is growing and many countries and organizations negatively affected by it are quite helpless to find a solution to the menace. The IACC says that the growth of counterfeiting over the last twenty years has been about ten thousand percent. Astonishingly, one of the reasons behind this growth is the consumer demand for counterfeit goods. This paper is an assessment of the counterfeit auto parts industry in the United Arab Emirates in particular and the other countries in the GCC in general. In the process, the nature of the industry, costs to consumers and affected organizations, the reason why people buy counterfeit products (auto parts), some statistics, anti-counterf eiting groups, etc will also be reviewed. This will be followed by some recommendations on how this can be brought down (if not eliminated altogether) and a conclusion summing up the paper. It should be noted that most of what has been written here has been sourced from articles that appeared in the Gulf News and Khaleej Times. There are three types of auto parts available in the UAE namely original equipment, legitimate parts, and counterfeit parts. Original equipment is those made by auto manufactures or by approved original equipment suppliers. Legitimate equipment is those made by other companies sold in their own brand names and will usually be of good quality. They are not intended to cheat the customer. Counterfeit products are usually meant to cheat the customer into thinking that they are genuine.  

Parental Consent Abortion Essay Example for Free

Parental Consent Abortion Essay Abortion I. Introduction: A. Attention Grabber: rhetorical question, story, quote, shock, scare, stats, allusion, etc.: Did you know that teenage girls are more than 24 times more likely to die from childbirth than from first trimester legal abortion? B. Why audience should care: Every girl is at risk of getting pregnant, and if parental consent is the reason for childbirth the effects hurt mother and father. C. Background Info. According to the encyclopedia of American law fertility rate went down bc. of abortion and birth control- By the 1870s, a woman’s right to make decisions about REPRODUCTION was restricted by federal and state laws. -ABORTIONS , which increased markedly in the 1850s and 1860s, especially among middle-class white women, had been legal until the fetus â€Å"quickened,† or moved inside the uterus. The -AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (AMA) and religious groups led the successful move to have state legislatures impose criminal penalties on persons performing abortions. In some states, women who had abortions could also be held criminally liable.(Progressive) D. Thesis: Women under the age of 18 should be allowed to obtain an abortion #without parental consent because every person controls their own body and forcible restriction can lead to drastic consequences. II. Need Step A. What is the problem? Teenagers feel pressured to have the child because they have no right over their own body. If they dont get the proper help they need problems may arise. The American Academy of Pediatrics also opposes parental-involvement laws: Legislation mandating parental involvement does not achieve the intended benefit of promoting family communication but it does increase the risk of harm to the adolescent by delaying access to appropriate medical care. [M]inors should not be compelled or required to involve their parents in their decisions to obtain abortions, although they should be encouraged to discuss their pregnancies with their parents and other responsible adults.(Naral) B. What is/are the cause(s)? Laws making clinics have parental note/ judicial-bypass provisions fail to protect young women. C. How big a problem? It affects everybody, the parents, the child, and the family. -Approximately one-third of American women become pregnant before the age of 20. -Twenty-five percent of teen mothers live below the federal poverty line. Nearly 80 percent of teen mothers eventually go on welfare. Teens that give birth also spend a greater length of time receiving public assistance—an average of three years longer than older mothers through age 35. Teen mothers are also more likely to have lower family incomes later in life.(NARAL) D. What are the ill effects of this problem? Harmful to the teen, and teens future The American Medical Association concluded in a 1992 study that parental-consent and notice laws increase the gestational age at which the induced pregnancy termination occurs, thereby also increasing the risk associated with the procedure. Although a first or second trimester abortion is far safer than childbirth, the risk of complications significantly increases for each week that elapses after eight weeks. (Philip, Diana) â€Å"A Toledo, Ohio judge denied a bypass for a 17-year-old, an A student who planned to attend college and who testified she was not financially or emotionally prepared for college and motherhood at the same time, stating that the girl had not had enough hard knocks in her life. (Philip, Diana) III. Satisfaction Step A. Solution(s) or steps age-appropriate health and sex education with medically accurate information; access to confidential health services, including family planning; life-options programs that offer teens practical life skills and the motivation to delay sexual activity; and programs for pregnant and parenting teens that teach parenting skills and help ensure that teens finish school. B.Specific details on how this problem can be solved: an emphasis should be placed on reducing teen pregnancy. C.Best plan or most important first step: Access to health services, including family planning. A Pennsylvania study found that of the 60 judicial districts in the state, only eight were able to provide complete information about Pennsylvanias judicial-bypass procedure. Some county courts referred minors to anti-choice crisis pregnancy centers that typically provide false and misleading information about abortion and pressure women to carry their pregnancies to term. (Borgman, Caitlin). D. Reasons it is best or most important: Lays foundation and protection for the child and teen. IV. Visualization Step A. The world will have less teenage births, less unsafe abortions and less children homeless and in poverty. B.If we do not solve this problem there will be more teen moms, poverty and unsafe abortions. â€Å"With their parents guidance, more teenagers will choose childbirth over abortion† (Philip) C.In countries where abortion is restricted like poland â€Å"go abroad to the Netherlands, Germany and Austria for abortions.2 Women who are not lucky enough to live in environments such as the EU may be forced to go to foreign countries and undergo underground, unsafe abortions.† (â€Å"this house†) V. Conclusion A. Minors should be allowed to obtain an abortion without parental consent because every person controls their own body and has the right to choose and restricting abortion can lead to drastic consequences. B. Education about sex, family planning, and a bill that allows minors to recieve abortion without parental consent. C. Individuals can talk to their parents about their views on abortion and inform them that they have the right to choose. Individuals can also call your local congressman or write a letter informing them of the dangers of restricting abortion. D. In our everyday lives we can remember how living in the U.S. is a blessing and our freedoms can not be taken away from us. We must remember that every women has a right to their body and giving birth is not the only way to end the suffering of an unwanted pregnancy.

The Spartan Warriors Essay -- Ancient Greece

OUTLINE I. Introduction. In society today the term â€Å"warrior† is used loosely and sometimes even associated with an athlete training for a specific event. By the fourth century B.C., Sparta designed a culture solely for training soldiers, a warrior culture. The problem with the design of a warrior culture is not in the fighting capabilities of the group, but in the artistic legacy that was lost during the life of a fighting culture. II. Body. 1. Historical Background a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prior to the Messenian War b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Messenian War 2. Training a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Age and Sex b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Way of life 3. Politics a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women in Sparta b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Constitution c. Lycurgus 4. Significant Battles a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Battle of Marathon   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  b. Battle of Thermopylae   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  c. Battle of Plataea d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Peloponnesian War 5. Sparta without a war a. Shortcomings b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Battle of Leuctra 6. Summary III. Conclusion The training regiments and social structure of the Spartans were geared towards building the strongest men and nation physically, but without the artistic and political training, the warriors or Sparta were unable to bring the Grecian empire together. History remembers so much from the philosophy teachings of Socrates and the Athenian paintings, dishes, and sculptures, but little is remembered about the other superpower in Greece and of the warriors of Sparta. THE SPARTAN WARRIORS In society today the term â€Å"warrior† is used loosely and sometimes even associated with an athlete training for a specific event. By the fifth century B.C., Sparta designed a culture solely for training soldiers, a warrior culture. The problem with the design of a warrior culture is not in the fighting capabilities of the group, but in the lack of an artistic legacy that was lost during the life of a fighting culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prior to the forming of the military community of Sparta there is evidence of a society rich in culture. Archaeologists have found vase paintings depicting fish, snakes, plants, and kings. The illustrations on the dishes of Sparta showed increasing skill in drawing of human dimensions and animal characteristics. The city-state of Sparta had been formed as a cultural center that produced not only pottery but was noted for its festivals of song and dance as well. Other types of craftsmanship included wood, metalworking, weaver, and leather. The Spartan culture would soo... ...cago, Illinois:Rand McNally, 1970) Dryden, John. Translation. Plutarch: The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans. (New York, New York:Modern Library, dt unk) Hale, William H. The Horizon Book of Ancient Greece. (New York, New York:American Heritage Co, 1956) Hawkes, Jacquetta. Dawn of the Gods: Minoan and Mycenaean Origins of Greece. (New York, New York:Random House, 1968) National Geographic Society. Greece and Rome: Builders of Our World. (Washington, District of Columbia:National Geographic Society, 1968) Preston, Richard A., Alex Roland, and Sydney F. Wise. Men in Arms: A History of Warfare and its interrelationships with Western Society. (Belmont, California:Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2001) Reuben, Gabriel and Sheila Schwartz. How People Lived in Ancient Greece and Rome. (Chicago, Illinois:Benefic Press, 1967) Tomlinson, R.A. Argos and the Argolid: From the End of the Bronze Age to the Roman Occupation. (Ithaca, New York:Cornell University, 1972) Warry, John. Warfare in the Classical World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons, Warriors, and Warfare in Ancient Civilisations of Greece and Rome. (Norman, Oklahoma:University of Oklahoma Press, 1995)

Principles of Providing Administrative Services Answers

Unit two: Principles of providing administrative services Section 1 – Understand how to make and receive telephone calls 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of at least two different features of a telephone system and how / when they would be used. Feature| How / when used| 1. Answer phone| This is usually accessed by pressing the number 1. It enables you to access messages left to you by others| 2. Conference calls | This makes it possible to speak to more than one person simultaneously. | 3. Do not disturb| This blocks calls to an extension or particular telephone line until the block is removed. Blocks are usually activated and deactivated by pressing a number of keys on the phone's keypad. | 4. Transfer| This enables you to transfer a caller to another extension. | 2. Prepare a brief report advising people on: * How to follow organisational procedures when making and receiving telephone calls * The purpose of giving a positive image of yourself and your organisation when making and receiving telephone calls. If possible, use specific information from procedures in your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with). Making call:Identify the purpose of the call .Confirm the name and number of the person to be contactedMake contact with the personCommunicate information to achieve the purpose of the callProject a positive image of myself and my companyReceiving calls:Answer the phone according to my organisation’s proceduresProject a positive image of myself and my companyIdentify the caller, where they are calling from and what they needProvide accurate and up-to-date information whilst protecting confidentiality and securityTransfer calls where requestedTake messages according to the caller’s needsIt is important to give a positive image of myself and my organization when making and receiving telephone calls . If I present in a negative manner then the customers would not like to talk with me and wouldn’t have nothing to do with my organization. It can affect company business.Section 2 – Understand how to handle mail1. Explain the purpose of correctly receiving, check ing and sorting mail and packages (both incoming and outgoing). Professional handling of mails is very important for an organisation. Improper handling of mails could result in lost customers, lost money and inefficient business.This can be due to loss of vital documents, delays in mails, delivery to wrong person, inefficient service delivery, payment being lost etc. It is important to follow the correct procedures for receiving, checking and sorting incoming and outgoing mail or packages. If a mistake is made then someone may be waiting on the arrival of an important document and it may go to the wrong person, or even go missing completely. People who are responsible for mail always should ensure that mail and packages are directed to the appropriate person.They should make sure that mails are delivered to correct person as soon as possible. This is very important in business environment.2. Complete the table below with the following information:At least two examples of internal ma il services that are available to organisationsAt least two examples of external mail services that are available to organisations Internal mail services| External mail services| 1. Envelopes – Internal mail is often sent in unsealed, A4-size envelopes . If the mail is confidential, the envelope will be sealed and marked with a confidential label.1. Royal Mail – is the best known external mail service|2. Intranet- it can be used to circulate internal mail electronically|2. DHL -is a leading courier in the UK and around the world|3. Describe two methods that you can use to calculate postage charges for mail and / or packages. Before sending a postages we need to classify them according to the importance and urgency. For important and urgent postage we can use first class postage and for the less urgent post we can use a second class postage. We can use service providers information to work out charges.If we need to send an item and guarantee it will be delivered the nex t working day or the same day or if a mail needs to be sent on recorded delivery we have to look for postal charges and the time within which the mail will be delivered. The ways how we calculate postage can be different. For Royal Mail we can find prices online. We have to choose if our postage is a letter, large letter or packet. We should know how much weigh our postage has and enter this information (some offices should have a set of postage scales for weighing letters and packages and a cardboard size guide).Next we need to choose which delivery options we want (for example next day delivery). Except the Royal Mail we can find a lot of couriers which we can use, for example DPD, DHL, TNT UK Express Service.Section 3 – Understand how to use different types of office equipment1. Describe the main types of equipment found in offices and how they are used. Include examples of at least three different types of office equipment. Nowadays offices use a large and varied amount o f equipment to complete everyday tasks efficiently and effectively. The main ones found in most offices are: computers, printers, photocopiers, faxes, telephones.Some offices and other business may use additional specialist equipment, depending upon the nature of the business and the needs of the staff. Examples include: Dictaphone equipment for recording the text of letters and reports, scanners, video recording and presentation equipment, specialist printing and binding equipment, special telephone headsets for telemarketing staff. Computers- are used for a large amount of based tasks for example: produce reports, allow access to the Internet (internal and external communication tools-email), accounting and publishing etc. Printers – are used to produce copies of documents.Fax machines are used to send message (it could be text, graphics or images) using a telephone line. Scanners are used to scan documents onto the computer.2. Explain the purpose of following manufacturerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s instructions when using equipment. Manufactures’ instruction are for a reason. If people follow the basic instructions then and the equipment will last longer. It is important that people know how to use this equipment in order to remain safe and healthy and keep risk to a minimum. If instruction are followed people may sure that they do not do anything that may harm themselves or others.If equipment is used correctly is more efficiently. If equipment is used incorrectly then the job it is designed for may not get done, or it may be done badly or it may take far longer to complete. People need to follow instruction for better maintenance. It could help using equipment for maximum period of time. If the equipment has a breakdown within a guarantee / warranty period it will be far more difficult to have it replaced or repaired if it has not been used according to manufacturers’ instructions.3. Explain the purpose of keeping equipment clean, hygienic and ready fo r the next user.When using equipment in the workplace it is important to keep it clean and well maintained. It is very important especially when equipment is shared with other people. It helps to keep better hygiene for employees – clean equipment minimises the spread of infections and germs. Regularly cleaning equipment can mean that it will last we longer and save our money as well as producing a higher quality result. Cleaning equipment after use can lead to less problems and increased efficiency. It is also courteous to clean something after we have used it to make it ready for the next user.If people are sharing workspace with others it is good practice to leave the area clean and organized. If one person is always cleaning up after everyone else, this person can become demotivated and annoyed. We can do this by working in an organised tidy manner, storing equipment safely and cleaning it with the appropriate products. We can minimise the number of germs on your keyboard by not eating or drinking at your desk. Food and drink should be kept well away from any equipment in case anything gets knocked over and causes damage.Section 4 – Understand how to keep waste to a minimum in a business environment .1. Explain why waste should be kept to a minimum in a business environment. It is very important to keep waste to a minimum in the work place. The more we waste, the more money it is going to cost the company. Companies have procedures like recycling which helps to keep our workplace tidy whilst saving money. Keeping waste to a minimum in the business environment decreases the amount of waste a business contributes to the environment. Reducing waste is key to minimizing business's environmental impact by reducing air and water pollution and limiting the amount of material that ends up in landfills.Reducing waste can also serve to save a business money. Keeping waste to minimum it's cost-effective, saves money, and saves the environment. It is ver y important because too much waste can have consequences for the long-term viability of the business.2. Identify at least two main causes of waste in a business environment. Waste is unfortunate consequence of business everywhere. In a business environment very common waste is a paper waste. This is because printers at work generate a lot of waste paper. People can print unnecessary things and do too many copies.A lot of things which people print contain very little information, so we can try to write them down on a scrap paper instead of printing them. Waste of energy – when leaving the office some people leave lights on, they do not switch of computers, etc. Waste of electricity is a huge in business environment. Waste power it means also increased carbon emission into the atmosphere which is not very good for our environment.3. How can you keep waste to a minimum in a business environment? Describe at least two ways of doing this. People can keep waste to a minimum in a bu siness environment by doing even small things.We could stop printing unnecessary thing, make notes using printed paper, use the copier for necessary numbers of copies. This can help to reduce amount of paper needed for business and save trees. By turning off the lights when leaving we save energy, company saves money and we help to reduce carbon footprint. Company can ask employees to clear their desk periodically to look for excess pens, sticky labels and other supplies. This allows the company to save money as it does not need to order larger than necessary amount of new office supplies.Section 5 – Know how to make arrangements for meetings1. Complete the table below listing at least two different types of meetings and describing the main features of each type of meeting.Type of meeting:Main featuresBoard meetingManagement meetings of the board of an organisation attended by directors. The meeting is convened to report results, set policies, scan for needed changes, etc.Con ferencesUsually for large audience to share information, work through strategies and tactics.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual general meeting which is convened to making decisions.In this type of meeting annual reports are distributed to shareholders. They make decision about the future of the company. | 2. When arranging a meeting:What sources and types of information are typically needed?How should meetings be arranged?Types of information typically needed when arranging a meeting consist of:Who needs to attend (the attendance list),When it should occur (the date of the meeting, the start and finish times of the meeting),The main resources required.It can also consist of:The venue of the meetingThe agenda of the meeting.The meeting should be arranged by doing checks on resources needed, venue, whether refreshments are needed, arrange and circulate agenda, invite attendees and information on special needs. Arranging a meeting is all about preparation and ensuring that everything is ready before the meeting starts.Section 6 – Understand procedures for organising travel and accommodation arrangements1. Explain the purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation. The purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation is not to make an error.It is better to ask twice and make sure that everything is prepared according to the instructions. The mistake could cost a lot of money and be waste of time. Even small misunderstanding can lead to significant problems for example: it could be two cities with the same name but in different parts of a country. Asking about the city which we are interested in helps to avoid misunderstandings.2. Complete the table below with an outline of the main types of business travel and accommodation arrangements that may need to be made and the procedures that should be followed when doing this.Travel and accommodation arrangements| Procedures| Booking plan e ticket| We need to check if a travelling person has required documents , for example passport for international flights. We need to check if destination place has good access to the airport or if there are any disruptions i. e. heavy snowfall, staff strike etc . which can affect the flight. | Accommodation booking| We need to know if it is one day or overnight business meeting. If there is overnight we need to know how many nights people need to stay. There are different types of overnight accommodation available from bed and breakfasts to hotels.We need to know if for example an evening meal may be required. | Booking train ticket| When booking a train ticket we need to make sure that there is a rail service in a place where we desire to go. We should check the arrivals and departure times to optimise our travel and save time. |3. Explain the purpose of keeping records of travel / accommodation arrangements in a business environment. Purpose of keeping records of travel/ accommod ation arrangements is important as it helps company to have important information about travel process, in this way the business can build up a knowledge bank and some expertise in its travel arrangements.By keeping financial records company can account all the money which being spend on travel and accommodation. * If company keeps good record is easy to retrieve information even in case when people arranging the travel are unavailable. Keeping good record helps company to look for ways of improving travel and accommodation bookings.Section 7 – Understand diary management procedures1. Briefly explain the purpose of using a diary system to plan activities at work. Give at least two reasons. Diary system is very important for planning and time organisation. Diary system helps to record employee activity and the resources that employees need.It helps planning activities that people can get involved with. Using the diary system employees know where they should be or what they sho uld be doing at particular time. Diary system can keep a record of scheduled business activities such as meetings and appointments. Without diary system is very easy to forget about the important meeting. Diary system can keep records of the use of shared resources – things such as rooms, equipment and vehicles. Without diary system rooms could be double-booked.2. Identify the information needed to maintain a diary system in the workplace.The information needed to maintain a diary system in a workplace is determined by the nature of what is being recorded. In general, when thinking of the information needed to maintain a diary system, consider the 5 Ws – who, what, where, when and why.Section 8 – Understand the purpose of delivering effective customer service and how to do so1. What are the differences between internal and external customers in a business environment? Internal customers are individuals and teams within the business who receive the output of comp any’s work, it could be other departments of company using services.External customers are people or businesses that are not within the same company that pay for services or products. They are individuals outside the business you work in who receive the product or service that the business produces .2. Explain why customer service should meet or exceed customer expectations. Include at least three reasons in your answer. When we are able to accurately identify customers' expectations, our customer service reputation will automatically be enhanced. When we meet customers’ expectation customer will be satisfied. By meeting customers’ expectation we are not doing more than customers expected.When we exceed customers expectation customers will be delighted (of course we have to exceed an customers expectations in a positive way). It means that business benefits above are even more likely to be achieved. Good customers service by meeting and/or exceeding customer exp ectation can give company a lot of benefits. One of the benefits is a chance that a new customer can transform to loyal client and also can recommend our business to others. Good customer service could build a sense of trust. When we ensure good customer service it could increase sales, company growth and provides good publicity.3. Explain the importance of building positive relationships with customers. Outline two ways in which this can be achieved. Positive relationship with customers are very important for a company. Positive customer relations makes customers feel important and connected to the company. With a positive relationship both parties have mutually beneficial outcomes. The key factors which contribute to positive relationships are: respect, trust, communication, focus, clarity. There are a few ways how to achieve positive relationship with customers. We can make it easy for customers to contact us.It is also very important to resolve customer complaints quickly and co mpletely. We should remember to always be very helpful. Positive relationship with customers we can achieved by giving the customers more than they expect and carefully listen to them. By giving more we can positively surprised our customers. Careful listening should help us to understand customers expectations better. It is also very important to not make promises unless we keep them.   4. How do customers demonstrate their own needs and expectations? The best way how customers can demonstrate their own needs and expectation is via feedback.Customer feedback is an information about customer perception. The Information comes directly from customer about the satisfaction or dissatisfaction they feel with a product or a service. It shows what customers think about business and if business thinks about them. There are a lot of types of customer feedback. It can be formal or informal, , focus groups, feedback forms and customer surveys, customer research and customer complaints. Analysing a customer feedback helps identified what needs to be improved and also helps to identify customer expectation.Section 9 – Understand the purpose of reception services and how to follow reception procedures1. What is the purpose of the receptionist role as the first point of contact in a business environment? In many companies a receptionist is often the first point of contac t in a business. A receptionist is responsible for any incoming customers or callers with the company. It is often the receptionist's role to ensure that all of these callers and customers are taken care of and that a good business image is given to the public. Receptionists are given the responsibility of meeting and greeting customers, clients or other visitors.If a customer is treated in a rude way by the receptionist, it is likely that they will have a negative image about whole company and may not return. Receptionists greet people both in person and on the telephone. Every company should have trained staff to answer the telephones in a professional and welcoming manner. This means the person assigned in the receptionist role is the individual that gives the first impression of the business to those that make contact, and first impressions are essential.2. Describe how a receptionist can present a positive image of themselves and the organisation and explain why this is importa nt.In most companies, the receptionist is responsible for the first impressions people have of a company. The receptionist should always project a professional image and make a great first impression on everyone. They should give a positive image of themselves and their organisation in order to attract and retain customers and to ensure customer satisfaction. If the receptionist is warm and friendly, people perceive that company is open and easy to work with. If receptionist is cold and unprofessional, people can think that the company is unprofessional and unpleasant to work with.Receptionist’s professionalism represents company’s brand. To properly reflect this brand receptionists must represent companies through their appearance, behaviour, attitude, business manners and communication skills.3. In relation to your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with), explain what must be done when carrying out entry, departure, security and confidentiality procedure s in a reception area. The company which I work for with does not have a receptionist. A reception area is very small and is used rather like an entry point and waiting area for guests.All guests have to use intercom in order to get enter to the building and only authorized staff can let them in. All staff is trained to not let in people from outside the company and the rules about guests are very clear. Because the company is away from the city centre and because of the specific industry, there is a small number of people who visit the company therefore there is no receptionist. Company does not require from guests to display identification cards when inside the company but there is a requirement that someone from the staff has to be with them during their visit.Sound spreads and threatens confidentiality in reception and waiting areas. To ensure confidentiality we are forbidden to talk about any confidential information near reception area or to bring any confidential documents to this area. This procedure is in place to ensure that no patient or hospital information (which are confidential) is revealed to any outsiders visiting my company. Once you have completed all 9 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.Explain the purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation:Its the teachers unions.Teacher quality is all over the place. Its too easy to become a teacher. One doesn't really need to stay up on current procedures or materials. Just a few weeks ago my 5th grader had a substitute teacher who stated out loud â€Å"I haven't been trained on any of this common core math stuff† and went on to describe a science project in terms of an old school salt and ice based ice cream maker that none of the kids had ever seen or likely will ever see.My son's former nanny became an elementary school teacher with a 4 year degree unrelated to education and six we eks of taking tests. She's a very nice girl, but she's not a very good teacher.So of course when our education system costs so much and produces lousy end results, the government and leadership in the education system want to test the kids to identify those iffy teachers and ones that aren't trained properly. We could do it on the front end and only qualify good teachers with good training. But the teachers union resists those efforts. As it stands right now in my home state, neither the schools or the teachers are responsible for the outcomes of the standardized testing. But the children are. I've gotten my son's tests. He got good scores, but the scores he received in subcategories aren't consistent with his high and low skill areas. So the test is very inaccurate.Beta testing curriculum and tests on kids where the grownups involved duck the responsibility. Letting people teach with poor skills and abilities. Unions protecting the poor performers and the processes allowing them en try. Governments pushing bogus testing that doesn't show accurate results.What you'll see around this comment will be a litany of teachers saying they should just be allowed to teach inside a magic box where what they do is not visible. Just trust them. And a suggestion that they be paid more so that experts in their respective fields will become teachers. Probably bad teachers.